Navigational error has again proved a predominant feature of the largest claims notified to the leading protection-and-indemnity clubs.

The current policy year still has a month to run but the number of claims large enough to be pooled has reached 16, slightly up on the previous two years.

The most striking feature of the pooled claims is that 13, or over 80%, have navigation as a cause or at least a key feature of the incident.