Oil giant Petrobras, a charterer of both tanker and offshore vessel tonnage, would be among those most affected by the proposed rules.

The country’s National Agency of Waterborne Transport (Antaq) has rules that have been couched as an attempt to unify chartering rules and boost investment in the cabotage shipping trades.

But lawyers Godofredo Mendes Vianna and Juliana Furtado, both of Brazil's Kincaid Mendes Vianna, say that one of the most controversial changes would restrict the number of foreign-flag ships that Brazilian operators can charter in.

Antaq’s