Major casualties are down and the protection-and-indemnity clubs have seized on “benign” as their favoured description for the current claims environment.

But, for those in the loss-prevention business, one important thing has not changed.

Human error continues to be a key cause of things going wrong at sea, with mariners under pressure and crew competency a further issue.

Captain Yves Vandenborn, the Standard Club’s loss-prevention director, says seafarers are under pressure from both reduced manning of ships and commercial pressures arising from difficult freight markets.

And