The general increases charged by the P&I clubs may be unpopular with shipowners but there are not too many ideas about alternative ways of combating claims inflation.

Owners are facing big rate rises at next month’s renewal but there was a muted outcome as the P&I conference was asked to vote for or against general increases.

Conference chairman Lou Kollakis of Chartworld, an experienced club director and chairman, said he had never really understood why there were general increases “except to help underwriters meet a false target”.