A huge change is coming for bulker owners as steel production goes where the cheapest forms of renewable energy are being developed, according to Danish Ship Finance (DSF).

The vessel financier said the regional adoption of clean energy and the relocation of basic materials industries will likely have a "radical" impact on shipping.

The key is the thermal energy needed to make steel, cement and other basic materials, if this sector decarbonises towards the middle of the century using hydrogen.