Carnival Corp, Royal Caribbean Cruises and Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings have lost billions in equity value as a result of the coronavirus pandemic.

The cruise sector's "Big Three" majors have seen their shares drop by $53.6bn combined since 52-week highs as they face a perfect storm of virus-related headwinds that include voyage cancellations and ship quarantines amid onboard outbreaks.

On top of that, health officials are urging people to stay off cruiseships and Princess Cruises and Viking have suspended operations.