Shipping needs organisations such as flag states, industry bodies or coalitions and, in some cases, governments to act as proactive convenors that will bring shipowners and technology companies together to overcome barriers to collaboration on decarbonisation, according to marine design engineers and advisor Houlder.

In Clean technology and the decarbonisation challenge — the first of what the company plans to be a series of white papers — Houlder said the industry is largely relying on “ad hoc” arrangements between shipping and technology companies to work together.