The courtroom in Hamburg can be a busy place, with delegations sometimes numbering 30 to 40 people.

Among the applicants or respondents are ministers — foreign affairs, justice, transport or fisheries — legal advisors, ­ambassadors and academics from distinguished universities, such as Oxford, Cambridge and the Sorbonne, as well as leading law firms.

Applications to ITLOS can be via the unilateral request of a state or by two states agreeing.