Alfa Laval, the world’s third-­biggest­ scrubber manufacturer, has defended its business amid regulators growing scepticism about exhaust gas cleaning systems.

China has banned the discharge of wash water from vessels operating open-loop scrubbers in much of its emission control areas from 1 January this year, following comparable measures by Singapore, Belgium and some US states.

Industry officials believe more countries could impose similar restrictions, in response to the potentially negative impact of wash ­water on coastal and inland waters.