If trying to evaluate which lower-carbon fuel for new ships is a problematic choice for owners, it is also a conundrum for port operators that will need to invest in bunkering facilities.

It is a question at the forefront of Enoma Woghiren’s mind as head of health, safety, security and environment in Europe for DP World, which handles about 70,000 vessels per year in more than 80 terminals transporting 10% of the world’s container traffic.