Processes to cut fuel emissions adopted by the aviation industry can provide “a sound blueprint” for shipping to follow, and illuminate ways in which it should take a different approach, according to a new report.

Lessons can be learnt from the framework adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), but "innate differences" between the two industries need to be understood, said the report by University Maritime Advisory Services (UMAS) and commissioned by the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF).