A new approach to ship design is essential, given the International Maritime Organization’s emissions targets, in both the shorter and longer term.

Measures include the acceleration of Energy Efficiency Design Index requirements, retroactive application of the Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index and a mandatory Carbon Intensity Indicator and rating scheme.

Other initiatives include the European Union's plans to include ships in its Emissions Trading System, and the Poseidon Principles, implemented by ship finance institutions to align their portfolios to incentivise decarbonisation.