Following a JPY 5.7bn ($56.12m) penalty for K Line, Wallenius Wilhelmsen Logistics (WWL) said it had been penalised JPY 3.49bn. NYK was fined JPY 13.1bn.

JFTC said the companies jointly agreed on raising or maintaining rates from 2008 to 2012, restraining competition.

The offences related to shipments of new cars, mainly in the Japan to Europe trade.

"WWL is a proponent of fair and open competition and has cooperated fully with the JFTC throughout the investigation," said WWL CEO Christopher Connor.

"Ethical