After a year of mergers, new alliances and one big failure, the containership landscape now looks hugely different to how it did as 2016 dawned.

Depressed world trade and a glut of boxships new and old put owners under pressure to lay up vessels, find efficiencies and raise money.

Losses mounted for most owners, with South Korea’s heavily indebted Hyundai Merchant Marine (HMM) and Hanjin Shipping in particular trouble as bond payments came due.

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