ExxonMobil’s recently announced $1bn investment in its Antwerp refinery is the latest indication that oil companies are finally making preparations to meet the emerging demand for low-sulphur distillate fuels from the marine market.

The oil major cited an expected surge in demand for cleaner marine fuels as the reason behind the investment, which surprised many as it seemed to buck the trend of an overall decline in European refinery capacity over recent years.

But