In 2022, all eyes will — and must — be on the regulative initiatives of the International Maritime Organization and the European Union to support shipping to cut its CO2 emissions steeply and quickly.

We see an urgent need to significantly increase research-and-development (R&D) spending and will therefore continue to work with regulators to establish the $5bn R&D fund our industry proposed at the IMO as an immediate step to be followed by a levy-based international carbon-pricing mechanism for shipping.