Emissions reduction is proving a real “prisoner’s dilemma” for shipping, according to Ingrid Kylstad.

The sustainability lead at decarbonisation company ZeroLab by Klaveness believes individual companies always have an incentive to choose paths that harm the collective good.

In an essay, she compares the sector’s problem to the game theory first framed by Merrill Flood and Melvin Dresher at RAND Corp in the US in the 1950s.