In 2014, OW Bunker went from having a 10-figure valuation to insolvency seemingly overnight, leaving a worldwide legal mess in its wake.

But the cases that worked their way through the US courts are winding down. And while the legal ­lessons appear rather simple, ­they may have changed the industry irrevocably.

“The issue for the physical suppliers is primarily: what are they going to do?” says Bruce Paulsen, an attorney with Seward & Kissel who represented ING Bank in ­several cases.