Nippon Yusen Kaisha (NYK) has been ordered by the Australian Federal Court to pay a $25m fine relating to the transportation of vehicles to Australia between 2009 and 2012.

The court found that a cartel operated from at least February 1997 and affected vehicles brought into the country by NYK and other shipping lines.

This is the second highest imposed fine in the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) history, and could have been double if NYK