Hapag-Lloyd is one of the few shipowners to have gone public with plans to deploy and trial all three options for making its vessels compliant for 2020.

The German containership owner and operator boasts a fleet of 220 ships, of which around 100 are owned vessels that are its ­focus for 2020 compliance.

Jorg Erdmann, senior director of sustainability, says most of the owned boxships will be using low-sulphur fuel oil (LSFO) from 1 January 2020.