Financing remains the biggest problem for German shipowners, according to a new study by PwC.
However, new sources of capital, including crowdfunding and hybrid financing are increasingly important, it found.
Around three-quarters of more than 100 German shipowners who responded to the study regarded financing as their biggest problem following the exodus of banks from the sector.
Nearly two-thirds complained about stagnating charter rates and about half feared the costs of retrofitting of ships and the developments of the global economy.
