The Clean Shipping Alliance 2020 has said it is developing a new type of open-loop exhaust gas scrubber to meet the IMO's carbon-reduction goals over the next three decades.

CSA 2020, a 2018-formed scrubber advocacy group, told TradeWinds that its new technology neutralises toxic metals in scrubber washwater effluent before they are dumped into the ocean.

It works by running ship exhaust through a fluidised bed of ceramic balls containing the semi-precious stone tourmaline within the scrubber, CSA 2020 executive director Ian Adams said.