As Venezuela slides deeper into political and economic crisis, tanker owners face the unenviable task of managing their trading risks associated with state oil company Petroleos de Venezuela (PDVSA).

The so-called Bolivarian Revolution, started by the late President Hugo Chavez, is entering a new and perhaps its final chapter after the US-backed opposition leader Juan Guaido announced he would take over as interim president amid hyperinflation and widespread food and fuel shortages.